Israel is a long and flat country with a total area of about 20,770 – 22,072 km₂. Although it is one of the smaller countries, there are lots of special geographic phenomena. One of them is the Negev desert, which covers more than a half of the Israel (about 62%), or the Jordan Valley, which is a large valley along the Jorden river. There is also the famous Dead Sea, which is so salty that is hard to swim there.

Even though there are deserts and lack of potable water, there is a rich variety of plants and animals - over 500 kinds of birds, some 200 mammals, reptile species and 2,600 plant types are found here. People in Israel are aware of it and they have built over 150 nature reserves and 65 national parks to preserve the nature.

• The Higest point - Mount Hermon הר החרמון in Golan Heights רמת הגולן (2 814 meters)
• The Lowest point - Dead Sea ים המלח (−408 meters)

Israel's climate is characterized by lot of sunshine and rainy season from November to April. There is cold windy climate at higher altitudes sometimes accompanied with snow. Coastal cities like Tel Aviv תל־אביב-יפו and Haifa חיפה have cold and rainy winters, but also long warn summers. Between May and September, there is a rare possibility of rain. Israel use mainly sun energy due to the warm and sunny climate.

Jerusalem יְרוּשָׁלַיִם

Jerusalem is a capital city of Israel with the population over 865,721 people and area 125,156 km2. Jerusalem is located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains near Dead Sea. It is also one of the oldest cities in the world (Iron Age II). It is considered a holy city to the three major Abrahamic religions - Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. King David made the city the capital of his kingdom some 3000 years ago.

Tel Aviv תל־אביב-יפו

Tel Aviv's full name is Tel Aviv-Jaffa and has a population over 426 100 making it the second largest city in Israel. The total area is about 51,8 km2. Tel Aviv is recognised as a capital city of Israel by Parliamentary Institute for many countries. Tel Aviv is located near Israel's Mediterranean Sea coast. The city was founded in 1909 on the edge of antic seaport city Jaffa and in 1950 these two cities were united. Today, Tel Avis is the city centre of the country's industrial, commercial, financial and cultural life.

Judaism

Most citizens in the State of Israel are of a Jewish religion. Population in Israel wan in 2015 74.9% Jewish. The basic laws define Israel as a Jewish state. Social survey indicates that 49% of people self-identify as Hiloni (secular Jews), 29% as Masorti (traditional), 13% as Dati (Orthodox), and 9% as Haredi (ultra-Orthodox)

Christianity

Christianity is one of the main religions which are practised in Israel. In 2014, it was practised by more than 61,000 Israeli citizens (1.9% of population). About 80% of Christians are Arab Christians, who are historically bound with neighbouring Lebanese, Syrian, and Palestinian Christians. They're about 300 Christians that convert from Islam in 2014 and most of them are part of Roman Catholic church, which is considered as "a mother church" of all Christianity.

Islam

Jerusalem is one of the main cities of interest for Muslims. Muslims are mostly Arab's citizens (17.4%). They are the largest minority group in Israel. Jerusalem is Islam's third holiest city due to idea that it can be the location from which Muhammad ascended to Jannah (paradise). Most Muslims in Israel are Sunni Arabs with a small minority of Ahmadi Arabs.